Third Conditional
Condicional 3: el pasado que no ocurrió
El third conditional es como un rollback hipotético: imaginas un pasado que NO sucedió y su resultado imaginario, también en el pasado. 'If I had studied, I would have passed' — pero no estudié, así que no aprobé. Es puro arrepentimiento o especulación sobre lo que pudo ser. Es como preguntarte qué habría pasado si hubieras hecho commit de otro código.
La estructura tiene dos mitades fijas: IF + PAST PERFECT (had + participio) en la condición, y WOULD HAVE + PARTICIPIO en el resultado. El error más común del hispanohablante es poner 'would have' en la parte del IF: 'If I would have known' es INCORRECTO. En la cláusula IF va SIEMPRE el past perfect: 'If I had known'.
En español dices 'si hubiera sabido, habría venido' con dos subjuntivos. El inglés reparte los roles: la parte del IF usa PAST PERFECT (had known) y la parte del resultado usa WOULD HAVE (would have come). No mezcles: nunca pongas 'would' en el IF.
En habla real, 'would have' se contrae a 'd have' o suena como "would've": 'I'd have helped you.' Ojo con NO escribir 'would of' — es un error de sonido, la forma correcta es 'would have' o "would've". También puedes usar COULD HAVE (habría podido) o MIGHT HAVE (quizás habría) en el resultado para matizar posibilidad en vez de certeza.
IF + PAST PERFECT, WOULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE If I had studied, I would have passed the exam. If she had left earlier, she would have caught the train. Orden invertido (mismo significado): I would have passed the exam if I had studied. Con contracción 'd have: If you'd told me, I'd have helped you. Con COULD/MIGHT HAVE (posibilidad): If we had hurried, we could have made it. If he had asked, she might have said yes.
Debugging lab
Corrige o completa la línea. 7 ejercicios por tema.
- 4.9.6.1
If I would have known, I would have told you.
- 4.9.6.2
If she had left earlier, she would catch the train.
- 4.9.6.3
If we had studied more, we would of passed the test.
- 4.9.6.4
If he had asked me, I would have said yes.
- 4.9.6.5
If they hadn't miss the flight, they would have arrived on time.
- 4.9.6.6
If you had trained harder, you could won the race.
- 4.9.6.7
If I had had more time, I would finished the project.
- 4.9.6.8
If I would have studied, I would have passed.
- 4.9.6.9
If she had went to the party, she would have met him.
- 4.9.6.10
If we had left earlier, we would have arrived on time.
- 4.9.6.11
If he had studied harder, he could have passed the exam.