A1 · temario
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Countable & Uncountable Nouns

Sustantivos que se cuentan y sustantivos que no se cuentan

En inglés, los sustantivos se dividen en dos categorías fundamentales: los contables (countable), que pueden enumerarse como unidades individuales (one book, two books), y los incontables (uncountable), que se conciben como una masa o sustancia continua sin unidades discretas (water, advice, music).

Esta distinción afecta directamente al artículo que usas, al determinante (much/many, some/any) y a si el sustantivo puede ir en plural. Los contables admiten a/an, números y plural. Los incontables no llevan a/an, no van en plural y usan much en lugar de many.

Los hispanohablantes cometen errores frecuentes porque en español muchos de estos sustantivos sí se pluralizan o se usan con artículo indefinido: 'una información', 'dos consejos', 'muchas noticias'. En inglés, information, advice y news son siempre incontables y van siempre en singular.

Incontables habituales que el hispanohablante tiende a pluralizar erróneamente: information (no informations), advice (no advices), furniture (no furnitures), luggage (no luggages), homework (no homeworks), progress (no progresses), traffic (no traffics), weather (no weathers), money (no moneys), research (no researches).

Algunos sustantivos son ambos: contables e incontables con significado diferente. 'A coffee' = una taza de café. 'Coffee' = café como sustancia. 'A light' = una lámpara. 'Light' = luz en general. El contexto indica cuál se usa.

structure.txt
CONTABLE:    a/an + singular  |  numbers + plural  |  many / a few
INCONTABLE:  Ø + sustantivo   |  much / a little   |  NO plural

a book / two books / many books
water / much water / a little water  (no: a water, two waters)

DETERMINANTES CLAVE:
  much    → incontable  (much water, much time)
  many    → contable    (many books, many people)
  a little → incontable (a little sugar)
  a few   → contable    (a few minutes)
  some    → ambos       (some water, some books)
  any     → ambos       (any water?, any books?)

Debugging lab

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  1. 1.15.6.1

    Can you give me an advice?

  2. 1.15.6.2

    I need some informations about the course.

  3. 1.15.6.3

    She doesn't have many money.

  4. 1.15.6.4

    He bought two furnitures for his new apartment.

  5. 1.15.6.5

    The news are very surprising today.

  6. 1.15.6.6

    I have a few water left in the bottle.

  7. 1.15.6.7

    She has many luggages for a short trip.

  8. 1.15.6.8

    Can I have a coffee, please?

  9. 1.15.6.9

    I need a scissors to cut this.

  10. 1.15.6.10

    She did many homeworks last night.

  11. 1.15.6.11

    There is a little chairs in the room.

  12. 1.15.6.12

    The traffic was very heavys today.

  13. 1.15.6.13

    He has much books on his shelf.

  14. 1.15.6.14

    Do you have any informations about the event?

  15. 1.15.6.15

    She has a lot of experiences in marketing.

  16. 1.15.6.16

    I only have a few money left.

  17. 1.15.6.17

    We made a great progress this week.

  18. 1.15.6.18

    My jeans is dirty.

  19. 1.15.6.19

    She gave me many useful advices.

  20. 1.15.6.20

    He drinks coffee every morning.

  21. 1.15.6.21

    Can you lend me a scissors?