A2 · temario
2.14tema 14 de 23

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Cuantificadores: much, many, a lot of, a few, a little

Los cuantificadores expresan cantidad y dependen de si el sustantivo es CONTABLE o INCONTABLE. Esta distinción no existe con la misma claridad en español, por eso es una fuente constante de errores. En inglés no puedes decir 'many water' ni 'much books' — cada cuantificador tiene un dominio específico.

La primera regla fundamental: MANY va con sustantivos contables plurales (many books, many people, many problems), MUCH va con sustantivos incontables (much water, much time, much information). Un truco: si puedes contar el sustantivo uno a uno, es contable y usa MANY. Si no puedes contarlo, es incontable y usa MUCH.

A LOT OF es neutral — funciona con contables e incontables y se usa principalmente en oraciones afirmativas: 'I have a lot of friends', 'She drinks a lot of water'. MUCH y MANY son más comunes en oraciones negativas y preguntas: 'I don't have much time', 'Did you meet many people?'. Usar MUCH en afirmativas ('I have much money') suena anticuado o muy formal.

A FEW y A LITTLE expresan una cantidad pequeña pero positiva (hay algo). FEW y LITTLE (sin el artículo 'a') expresan cantidad insuficiente o escasa (casi nada). 'I have a few friends' = tengo algunos amigos (positivo). 'I have few friends' = tengo muy pocos amigos (negativo implícito). Este matiz es muy frecuente en exámenes y comunicación precisa.

structure.txt
CONTABLES:   MANY / A FEW / FEW + sustantivo plural
many books, a few friends, few opportunities
INCONTABLES: MUCH / A LITTLE / LITTLE + sustantivo singular
much time, a little sugar, little hope
AMBOS:       A LOT OF + sustantivo (contable o incontable)
a lot of books, a lot of water
TOO MANY / TOO MUCH + sustantivo = exceso
ENOUGH + sustantivo = suficiente

Debugging lab

Corrige o completa la línea. 7 ejercicios por tema.

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  1. 2.14.6.1

    I don't have many time to finish this.

  2. 2.14.6.2

    She has much friends at school.

  3. 2.14.6.3

    There are a little chairs in the room.

  4. 2.14.6.4

    I have few money left, but I can help you.

  5. 2.14.6.5

    Did you meet many peoples at the conference?

  6. 2.14.6.6

    There is too many noise in this neighborhood.

  7. 2.14.6.7

    We don't have enough of chairs for everyone.

  8. 2.14.6.8

    She has many informations about the project.

  9. 2.14.6.9

    I have few friends in this city.

  10. 2.14.6.10

    There is a little traffic today.

  11. 2.14.6.11

    There are too much people in this room.